|
3.
rPdhtpd;
Quanzhou jkpo;f; fy;ntl;L:
,e;jj;
jkpo;f; fy;ntl;lhdJ 1956Mk; Mz;by; fz;lwpag;gl;lJ.
rPdhtpd; gpurpj;jpngw;w gz;ila Jiw efukhf tpsq;fpajhff; $wg;gLk;;
Quanzhou
tpy; fz;lwpag;gl;l ,e;jf;
fy;ntl;bid> 1978Mk; Mz;by>;
T. N. Rg;gpukzpak;
vd;gtH jdJ
“A Tamil Colony in
Medieval China” vd;w
Ma;Tf;fl;LiuA+lhfr; rPd nkhop njhpahjtHfSf;F
mwpKfg;gLj;jpapUe;jhH. ,e;jf; fy;;ntl;bid mz;ikf;; fhyj;jpy; [g;ghdpa
Taisho
gy;fiyf; fofj;jpdUk;
Muha;e;Js;sdH.
6
thpfisf; nfhz;l ,f;fy;ntl;lhdJ>
rfhg;jk; 1203MtJ rpj;jpiu rpj;jpiu ehspy;>
jtr;rf;futj;jpfs; rk;ge;jg;ngUkhs;;>
“….”
ehadhUf;Ff; Nfhapy; vLj;jJ gw;wpf; $WfpwJ. ,f;Nfhapy;
ve;j ehadhUf;F
vLf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gij fy;ntl;^lhfr; rhpahf thrpf;f
Kbatpy;iy. thpfs; 3> 4> 5 ,y;>
“jpU(fh)dpr;RuKila
ehadhiu
VwpaUsg; gz;zpdhH
rk;ge;jg;ngUkhs;
Md jtr;rf;futj;jpfs;;”
vd vOjg;gl;bUg;gjhf [g;ghdpag; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpduhy;
thrpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
[g;ghdpa
Muha;thsHfs;;> mJ xU rptd; Nfhtpy; njhlHghdJ
vd;Ws;sdH. ,f;NfhapyhdJ> “nrirf;fhd;
gHkhd;gb”
mikf;fg;gl;ljhff; fy;ntl;bd; 5Mk;> 6Mk; thpfs; $Wfpd;wd.
,ij mtHfs;> rPdhtpd; murd; vd;Ws;sdH. rpdhtpy; rptd;
Nfhtpy; fl;lg;;gl;lJ njhlHghfg; gy IjPfq;fs; mq;F ,Ug;gjhff; $wg;gLfpwJ.
vJtpjj;jpYk;> ,f;fy;ntl;by;>
jtr;rf;futj;jpfs; rk;ge;jg;ngUkhs;
gw;wpg; Ngrg;gl;Ls;sJ. MfNt>
rk;ge;jg;;ngUkhs; xU Jwtp vd;gJ
njspthfpwJ. ,e;jg; ngaUk;> fy;ntl;Lk;> ,e;jr;
rk;ge;jg;;ngUkhs;
vd;w Jwtpahdtd;;> jkpod;
vd;gij typAWj;Jfpd;wd.
njd;dpyq;ifapd;
NjtefUld; njhlHghd xU jkpo;g;; ngsj;;j Jwtp>
gHkh> ahth-Rkhj;jpuh> jha;;yhe;J
vd;gitfSlhff; fpof;Nf NghapUe;;Js;shd; vd;gij ,q;F
Muha;e;Jte;Js;s jkpo;f; fy;ntl;Lf;fSlhf cWjpg;gLj;jp tUfpNwhk;.
NkYk;> ngUe;Njtd;;
vd;w k`hahz jkpo;g; ngsj;j Jwtp> rPdh> [g;ghd; tiu
nrd;W> me;j nkhopfisAk; ed;F
mwpe;jpUe;;Js;shd; vd;w mbg;gilapy;jhd; ,e;jf; fpof;F
ehLfspy; jkpo;f;; fy;ntl;Lf;fs; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w Kbtpy;> jkpo;f;
fy;ntl;Lf;fis Muha Kw;gl;bUe;Njhk;. ,e;jepiyapy;> [hth-Rkhj;jpuh>
jha;yhe;J tiu> vkJ Kd;KbT rhpahdjhf Mfpte;Js;sJ. ,g;nghOJ>
rPdhtpYk; jkpo;f;
fy;ntl;by; jkpo;j; Jwtp
xUtH Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;shH. mtH
ehadhUf;F> jiytDf;F> NjtDf;Ff;
Nfhapy; vLj;Js;sjhfTk; fy;ntl;Lf; $WfpwJ. ,J>
Gj;jngUkhDf;F> rptDf;Ff; Nfhapy; vLj;jjhfNt ,Uf;fKbAk;.
rptd; vd;gJ:
“Nkd;ik
epiwT <Hg;G> ,Og;Gf; nfhz;bUg;gtdhFk;.
MfNt> rptd; vd;gJ:
md;Gkakhdtd;> mUs;kakhdtd; MFk;. mJ>
nkhopapy;;hPjpapy;> Gj;jngUkhid milahsg;gLj;Jk;.
nkhopapay;
hPjpapy;> rk;ge;jngUkhs; vd;gJ> ngUe;;Njtd;
vd;gJld; xd;Wk;. rk;ge;jd; vd;gJ ngUkhd;> Njtd;
vd;gitfisAk; Fwpf;Fk;.
,e;jepiyapy;>
ngUnkhopahuha;thsj;
jkpo;g; ngsj;j Jwtpjhd;;>
rPPdhtpd; jkpo; fy;ntl;LlDk;
njhlHGilatdhf ,Ue;Js;shd;.
Mdhy;>
,gd; gj;J}j;jh vd;gtDk;> rPdhtpd;
Zaytun, Sin-kalan,
Sin-a-Sin. Quanjanfu, Khansa (Hong-chow), Khita (Cathay)
vd;gitfSf;Fr;
nrd;Ws;shd;. mtd;> rPdhtpd;
Zaytun
vd;w ,lj;jpid> njd;dpyq;ifAld;
tpNrlkhf ,izj;Js;shd;. mtd; ,yq;ifapd; kiy cr;rpapy; ,Uf;Fk;
Gj;jngUkhdpd; ghj milahsk; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLifapy;> gpd;tUkhW $wpAs;shd;:
“In ancient
days the Chinese came here and cut out of the rock
the mark of the great toe
and the adjoining parts. They put
this in the temple at Zaytun.”
mtd;>
NjtefH my;yJ njtpEtu vd;w
Dinawar
vd;gjw;Fk; kpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
nfhLj;jpUg;gJ> ,gd; gj;J}j;jhTf;Fk;>
,e;jj; jkpo;g; ngsj;j
Jwtpf;Fk; VjhtJ
njhlHGs;sjh vd;gij Muha;e;jwpaj; J}z;LfpwJ.
,e;jj;
jkpo;g; ngsj;j Jwtp> rPdhTld; epy;yhJ [g;ghDf;Fk;
NghapUf;fNt re;jHg;gq;fs; mjpfk; cz;L. Mdhy;> ,d;Wtiu>
[g;ghdpy; jkpo;f; fy;ntl:;L vJTk;;
fz;lwpag;gl;ljhf mwpag;gltpy;iy.
Mdhy;> [g;ghdpa nkhopf;Fk;> jkpo; nkhopf;Fk; njhlHGfs; ,Ue;Js;sd
vdf; $wg;gl;LtUtUfpwJ.
4.
jha;yhe;jpd;; Khuan
Luk Pat
jkpo;; gpuhkp vOj;J
“ciu
fy;;;” (Touch
stone):
1992Mk;
Mz;by; [g;ghdpa Taisho University Muha;thsHfshy; njd;
jha;;yhe;jpd;
Krabi Privince ,y; mike;;;Js;s
Wat Khlong Thom
njhy;nghUsfj;jpy; Nkw;;
nfhz;l Muha;tpd;NghJ> 7.5 cm x
3.7 cm x 3 cm
msTfSila gr;ir epwkhd fy;nyd;wpy; jkpo; gpuhkp
vOj;Jf;fspy; “ngUk;gj;;jd;
fy;;”
(Permpatan kal)
vd vOjg;gl;bUe;jik fz;lwpag;gl;lJ.
,e;jj;
jkpo;g; gpuhkp vOj;Jila nghUspd; fhyj;;;jpid Muha;thsHfs; fp.
gp. 2-3Mk; E}w;whz;nldf; $wpAs;sdH. NkYk;> ,e;jf; fy;yhdJ>
jkpofj;jpypUe;J jha;yhe;jpy;
FbNawpa xU gj;jdpd;; (Gold
smith)
ciu fy;
vd;w KbTf;Fk; mtHfs;
te;Js;sdH.
Mdhy;> ,q;F
vOk; Nfs;tp vd;dntd;why;>
fp. gp. 2 -3Mk; E}w;whz;Lg; gFjpapy; jha;yhe;jpd; Fwpg;gpl;l
gFjpapy; FbNawpapUe;j rhjhuz jkpo;g; gj;jd;>
Vd; jkpopy; jdJ fy;ypy; vOjhJ>
jkpo; gpuhkpapy;
vOjpapUe;jhd; vd;gjhFk;. ,d;iwa
jkpo; vOj;Jf;fs;; md;W>
fp. gp. 2
–
3 Mk; E}w;whz;Lfhyg; gFjpapy;>
cUthf;fg;gl;bUe;jpUf;ftpy;iyah?
njhy;fhg;;gpakhdJ fp. K. 4Mk;;
E}w;whz;by; ,aw;wg;gl;lnjd Ma;thsHfs; $WtJ vd;d?
jkpofj;jpy; jkpo; vOj;J nkhopahdJ tpUj;jpaile;j epiyapy; ,Ue;jpUe;jhy;>
jha;yhe;jpy; jkpo;g; gj;jd; Vd; gpuhkp vOj;Jf;fisg;
gad;gLj;jpapUf;fNtz;Lk;?
,J> xd;wpy;;>
njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpd; fhyk;; gw;wpa KbT gpioahdjhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;>
my;yJ> jha;yhe;Jj; jkpo;g; gpuhkp vOj;jpdbg;gilapy; tug;gl;l KbT
gpioahdjhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;> my;yJ ,uz;Lk; gpioahdjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;gijNa typAWj;JfpwJ.
jkpo;g; gpuhkp
nkhopahdJ md;W
rhjhuzkhfj; jkpo; kf;fshy;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;L te;jJ
vd;gjw;F ve;j tpj Mjhuq;fSk; ,y;iy. kWGwj;jpy;> jkpofj;jpy;
fz;lwpag;;gl;l rpy E}W jkpo;g; gpuhkp fy;ntl;Lf;fSk;>
jdpikahd
fw;Fifg; gFjpfspy;jhd; ngUkstpy; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sd.
mit ngUk;ghYk; Jwtpfspd; FiffSld; njhlHghdjhff;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
,w;jepiyapy;>
,e;jf; fy;yhdJ Vd; xU JwtpAld;
njhlHghdjhf ,Uf;fKbahJ?
Jwtp xUtDf;Fk;>
,g;gbahd
“ciu
fy;”
,w;Fk; vd;d njhlHG ,Ue;jpUf;fKbAk;
vd;w Nfs;tp vOg;gg;glyhk;.
Mdhy;> ,e;jf;
fy;ypid Vd; nghd;id ciuf;Fk; fy; vd
khj;jpuk; fUjNtz;Lk;?
xU GytDk;> mwpQDk;$l> ,g;gbahd xU fy;ypid itj;jpUf;fKbAk;.
Vnddpy;> mtHfs; jkJ
vOj;jhzpia fy;ypy;
Nja;;j;Jf; $uhf;fp> Xiyfspy; vOj>
,g;gbahd
ciufy; mtHfsplk;
vg;nghOJk; ,Uf;fNt nra;Ak;!
,e;jepiyapy;> jha;yhe;jpy; fz;lwpag;gl;l fy;yhdJ xU
gold smith
,d; ciu fy;
vd;w KbTf;Ftu>
[g;ghdpag; gy;fiyf;
fof Muha;thsHfsplkpUe;j Mjhuq;fs; vit?
,f;Nfs;tpia [g;ghdpa Muha;thsHfsplk; khj;jpuk;jhd; Nfl;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;wpy;iy! “Early Tamil
Epigraphy” (2003)
vd;w E}iy
vOjpapUe;j
Iuhtjk; kfhNjtd;
mtHfSk;> jdJ E}ypd;
gf;fk; - 51 ,y;>
,g;gbj;jhd; $wpAs;shH.
,e;j ,U rhuhUk; ,g;gbf; $wpajw;F Kd;itj;j epahag;gLj;jy;
vd;dntd;why;> jkpo; gpuhkp vOj;Jf;fs; fhzg;gLk; me;jf; fy;ypy;
“ngUk;;gj;jd; fy;;;” vd
vOjg;gl;bUg;gjhFk;!
Iuhtjk; kfhNjtd;
gpd;tUkhW $wpAs;shH: “ As
Pattan in Tamil means a ‘goldsmith’, the inscribed stone has
been identified as a touchstone (uraikal) foe testing fineness
of gold.”
[g;ghdpag; NguhrphpaH N. Karashima
Tk;> ,g;gbahd
tpsf;fj;jpidNa nfhLj;Js;shH.
vJtpjj;jpYk;> ,q;F vOk; kpf Kf;fpa Nfs;tp vd;dntd;why;>
“gj;jd;”
vd;why; vd;d
vd;gJk;@
“ngUk;gj;jd;”
vd;why;
vd;d
vd;gJk; MFk;.
“gj;jd;;”
vd;gjw;Fj;
jkpo; mfuhjpfs;: md;GilNahd;>
a devotee, a vortary or adherent of a
religious system
vdj; je;Js;sd. “gj;jh”
vd;gjw;F:
GUld;;> a husband
vdj; je;Js;sd.
“gj;jd;”
vd;gJ: “gj;
+ md;”;
MFk;. “gj;”
vd;gJ:
“g;
+ m
+ j;”
MFk;.
rpj;jhtj;ij
cjaFkhH nkhopf; Nfhl;ghL (1998)
,idg; gpuNahfpj;jhy;> “gj;”; vd;gJ:
xd;wpypUe;J Njhd;Wk;>
cz;lhFk; caHr;rpj; jd;ikahFk;.
nkhopapay; hPjpapy;>
gj;>
ghj;
vd;gitfSf;fpilapy; mjpf NtWghby;iy.
“gj;”
jd;ik nfhz;ltd;>
gj;jd;;
MFk;.
MfNt> gj;> ghj; vd;gitfs; gytw;wpy; milahsq;fhzg;glKbAk;.
ngU(k;)> NrhW> top> xOq;F> md;G> mUs;> jho;r;;rpj; jd;ik>…
vdg; gytw;wpy; ,tw;iw milahsk; fhzyhk;.
MfNt>
gj;jd;
vd;gJ:
nghpNahd;> md;GilNahd;> mUSilNahd;> Njtd;>
…
vdnty;yhk; tUk;.
,e;jepiyapy;:
ngUk;gj;jd;
vd;gJ:
NguUshsd;> Ngud;GilNahd;> ngUe;Njtd; vdnty;yhk; tUk;.
,it Gj;jngUkhidAk;
Fwpf;fKbAk;.
,e;jepiyapy;> “ngUk;gj;jd;
fy;”
vd;gJ: “ngUe;Njtd;
fy;”
vdtUk;!
kPz;Lk; ehk;
ngUe;Njtd; vd;gtidNa
,q;F re;jpf;fpNwhk;.
ngUe;Njtd; vd;w k`hahz ngsj;j Jwtp> ngUk; nkhopahuha;thsd;
vd;gijAk; ghHj;jpUe;Njhk;@ mtd;; fpof;Nf rPdh
–
[g;ghd; Kjy Nkw;Nf fpwPR tiuahd nkhopfis ed;F mwpe;jpUe;jhd;
vd;gijAk;> mtd; tPuNrhopak; ,yf;fz E}Yf;F ciu vOjpapUe;jhd;
vd;gijAk; mwpe;jpUe;Njhk;. ,q;Fk;> mtd; jdJ
nrhy; - nghUs;
njhlHG tpsf;f mbg;gilapy;> jdJ
Kj;jpiuiaf; Fj;jpAs;shd;!
,e;jepiyapy;>
ngUk;gj;jd; fy;
vd;gJ nghd;
ciuf;Fk; fy;
vd;w tpsf;fk; Kw;wpYk; gpioahdjhfpwJ. Khwhf>
mJ ngUk;Njtdpd; vOj;jhzp jPl;Lk; fy;
MFk;!
,it midj;jpw;Fk; Nkyhf> vkf;F kpf Kf;fpa tplak; xd;W njhpa tUfpwJ. mJ vd;dntd;why;:
ngUe;Njtd;
vd;;w ngUk; nkhopahuha;thsdhd; khahz jkpo;g;
ngsj;jd;
gpuhkp vOj;Jf;fSld; njhlHGilatdhf ,Ug;;gJ!
,J
gpuhkp vOj;Jf;fspd; cUthf;fk;@
mjd;
fhyk;@
gz;ila
fy;ntl;Lf;fs;> ehzaq;fs;> kl;ghz;lq;fspd; fhyq;fs;@ jkpo; vOj;Jf;fspd; cUthf;fk;@
rpq;fs vOj;Jf;fspd; cUthf;fk;@
,yf;fpaq;fspd; cUthf;fk;;@
tuhyhWfs;;>… vd;gitfs; njhlHghf Kd;ida Muha;thsHfshy; tug;gl;l KbTfs; vdr;
rfytw;iwAk;
Nfs;tpf;Fhpajhf Mf;Ffpd;wJ!
kWGwj;jpy;> ,J
mwptpay;;
vd;gJ njhlHghfTk;>
ngUk; Nfs;tpia vOg;GfpwJ!
,e;jepiyapy;> ,q;F tug;gl;l KbT rhpahdJjhd vd;gij Nkyjpf Ma;TfSlhf
cWjpg;gLj;jNtz;bAs;sJ. MfNt> ehk; fy;ntl;Lf;fisj; njhlHe;J
Muha;Nthk;.
5.
njd;dpe;jpa> njd;dpyq;if> fpof;F ehLfspd; jkpo;> jkpo; gpuhkpf;
fy;ntl;Lf;fSk;>
“tzpff; fzq;fs;;;” Nfhl;ghLk;:
fpof;F
ehLfspy; fz;lwpag;gl;l jkpo;> jkpo; gpuhkp fy;ntl;Lf;fis
Muha;e;Js;s ,e;jpa> [g;ghdpa> kw;Wk; Muha;thsHfs;>
mf;fy;ntl;Lf;fs; tzpff; fzq;fs;;
(Merchant Guilds)
njhlHghdit vdf; $wp>
gz;ilf; fhyj;jpy; jkpofj;jpw;Fk;> fpof;F ehLfSf;fpilapYk;
tpahghuk; eilngw;Wte;Js;snjd;Wk;>
gz;ilf; fhyj;jpNyNa rPPdhtiu
jkpoHfs; tpahghu> kw;Wk; Nehf;fq;fspy; FbNawpAkpUe;Js;sdH
vd;Wk; xU Nfhl;;ghl;bid Kd;itj;Js;sdH.
mtHfs; jkJ
KbTfSf;F> ,q;F Muhag;gl;Ls;s jkpo;f; fy;ntl;Lf;fisAk;> mtw;wpy;
$wg;gl;bUg;gitfisAk;> ,yq;if> jkpofj; jkpo;f;
fy;ntl;Lf;fs; rpytw;wpy; $wg;;gl;Ls;sitfisAk; Mjhukhf
Kd;itj;Js;sdH.
,j;jkpo;f;
fy;ntl;Lf;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s
rpy
nrhw;nwhlHfs; xd;whf ,Ug;gijNa mtHfs; jkJ Kbit
epahag;gLj;j Kd;itj;Js;sdH. mr;nrhw;nwhlHfs;
gpd;tUtdthFk;: ehdhNjrp>
IE}w;WtH>
kNfhijaH gl;bdk;>
kzpfpuhkk;> tPu nfhbahH>
gjpndz;G+kp tPuH> kw;Wk; rpy.
,e;jr;
nrhw;nwhlHfs; fhzg;gLk; jkpof; fy;;;ntl;Lf;;;fSs;;> ,yq;ifapYk;>
jkpofj;jpYk; fz;lwpag;;gl;l fy;ntl;Lf;fspy; gy
milahsq;fSk;
(symbols)
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mj;;Jld;>
jkpofj;jpy; fz;lwpag;gl;l jkpo;g; gpuhkpf;
fy;ntl;Lf;fspYk;> gy symbols
fhzg;;gLfpd;wd. ,ijtpl>
njd;dpyq;ifapy; fz;lwpag;gl;l gpuhkpf;
fy;;ntl;Lf;fspYk;> gy
symbols
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
,e;jepiyapy;>
,e;jr; symbols ck;> ,f;;fy;;ntl;Lf;fs;
vit njhlHghdit vd;gijawpag; nghpJk; cjt KbAk;.
,f;fy;ntl;Lf;fis
Muha;e;;Js;s ,e;jpa> ,yq;if> [g;ghdpa>
kw;Wk; Muha;thsHfSs; kpfkpfr; rpyNu mtw;wpy;
fhzg;;gLk;;
symbols
gw;wp Muha;e;Js;sdH. Taisho University apd;;
Ma;Tf; fl;LiufspYk;> symbols
,w;F jFe;j
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fg;glhj epiyjhd; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
jkpof> ,yq;ifj;
jkpo;f;; fy;ntl;Lf;fSs; thzpff; fzq;fSld; njhlHghdit vdf;
fUjg;gLk; fy;;ntl;Lf;fs; rpygw;wp>
S. Rajagopal
mtHfs;;>
“Symbols on the Inscribed Stones of the Merchant Guilds”
vd;w Ma;Tf; fl;Liuia [g;ghdpa
Taisho University
apdhy; ntspaplg;;gl;l
“Ancient and Medieval
Commercial Activities in the Indian Ocean: Tesimony of
Inscriptions and Ceramic-sherds” (2002)
vd;w Ma;Tj; njhFg;G
E}ypy; vOjpAs;shH. mtuJ Ma;T
tpQ;Qhdj; jd;ikaw;wjhfTk;> KbTfs; gpioahdjhfTk;jhd;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
,tiutpl>
symbols
fhzg;gLk; njd;dpyq;ifj; jkpo;f;
fy;ntl;Lf;fs; gw;wp> NguhrphpaH M. NtYg;;gps;isatHfs;
Muha;e;J> Ma;Tf;fl;Liufis vOjp As;shH> E}y; xd;wpid ,uz;L
gFjpfshfTk; ntspapl;;Ls;shH. Mdhy;>
mtH symbols
njhlHghf ve;jtpj ftdKk; nrYj;jtpy;iy.
mtH jdJ “Ceylon Tamil
Inscriptions” PartI & II (1971, 1972)
vd;w E}y;fis>
jkpo; nkhop Ma;Tf;fhd
mbg;gilapy;jhd; vOjpAs;shNuad;wp>
tuyhw;W Ma;T
mbg;gilapy; vOjtpy;iy. ,J> ngUk;ghYk;>
mtH jkpo; nkhopapy;
caH gl;lk; ngWtjw;fhfr; nra;ag;gl;l Ma;tpid>
xU
E}yhf ntspapl;l jd;ikiaj;jhd; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,jdhy;>
mtH Muha;e;jpUe;j gy jkpo;f; fy;ntl;Lf;fspy; fhzg;gl;l
symbols
,id MuhahJ
tpl;Ls;shH.
nkhopapy; hPjpapYk;$l>
fy;ntl;Lf;;fspy; fhzg;gLk; jkpo;r;
nrhw;fisg; gw;wpa mtuJ Ma;TfSk;> tpsf;fq;fSk;> tpQ;Qhdj;
jd;ikaw;witahfTk;> fw;gdhthjkhditahfTk;jhd; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
vJtpjj;jpYk;> mtH fy;ntl;Lg;gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fisAk;> fhyj;jpidAk;
Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ>
sysmbols
gw;wpa Ma;tpid xd;wpizf;fhj epiyapy;> fy;ntl;Lf;fs; gw;wpa
mthpd; tpsf;fq;;fSk;> KbTfSk;
gpioahdjhfTk;> fw;gdhthjq;fshfTk;jhd;
MfpAs;sd.
RUq;ff;$wpdhy;> mtuJ jkpo;f; fy;ntl;Lf;fs; njhlHghd E}yhdJ>
vd;ndd;;d gz;ila fy;ntl;Lf;fs; rpy ,yq;ifapy; jkpo; nkhopapy;
vOjg;gl;Ls;sd vd;w tpguq;fis khj;jpuk;
rhpahfg; ngw cjTk; xU njhFg;G E}yhf cs;sJ! jkpo;nkhop> tuyhW
vd;gitfisg; nghWj;jkl;by;> me;j E}yhdJ ve;jtpj tpQ;Qhd hPjpapyhd
Ma;Tf;Fk; gad;glkhl;lhj xU E}yhfNt cs;sJ.
,g;gbahf
Ma;TfNs
md;W caHgl;lf; fy;tpf;Fg; nghpJk; gad;gl;ld.
,d;Wk;>
mJjhd; cz;ikepiy. |
